Coke oven



July 12,r 1927. 1,635,679

T. G. KUS

COKE OVEN Filed O01. 4, 1919 4 sheets-sheet 1 g %MZlw @MM/ww@ `July 12, 1927.

T. G. KUS

COKE OVEN Filed Oct. 4, 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 @mi @@@Qcw 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 COKE OVEN Filed ooi. 4, 191.9

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l T. G. Kus

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Parental July 12, 1927'.

f UNiTED STATES iATENTf OFFICE.

THOMAS G. KUB, OF EVANSTON, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOB '.120 AMERICAN COKE CHEIICAL COMPANY ,-OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF IAINE.

COKE OVEN` Application med October 4, 1919. Serial I0. 328,537.

MyY invention relates to improvements in coke ovens for coking low grade or inferior coal.

The object of my invention is to provide a form of oven in which the required de ree of heat may be uniformly maintained t ruout the body of coal in the oven during the coking period.

More particularly stated, it is the object of my invention to provide means for successfully @oki-ng coals of the grade known Fas Ohio, Indiana, or Illinois coals, which contain large quantities of highly volatilematerials and require an even distribution of teinperature to prevent a breaking down of the cellular structure. My invention contemlates a provision of means for subjecting the walls of the oven or coal containing retort to heat from two sets of burners, one` located at or near the top of the oven, and the other located at, orv near, the bottom and connected with supply ipes or ducts subject to manual control for t e delivery of gas to the burners, whereby the gas coming from for a definite period of time after which the gas may be turned o from these burners` and delivered to the Aburners of the upper set, a down draft being maintained when the burners of the up er set are in operation i and an up draft being maintained in the same passages when the burners of the lower set are in operation. In this. manner the walls of the coal containin chambers or ma azines may be maintaine at a substanthereof2 these walls being thick and capable of retaining heat and distributing it to the interior of the magazine or carbonizing chamber. y

A further object of my invention is to provide improved means for regulating the distribution of gas to the various burners and.

the burners of the lower set 4may be ignited adjacent chambers suicient tia y uniform temperature in all portions tion. The

l.extending the'bettom wall of each fsuicient space-'between this 1 ous burners where it is employed to maintainthe required degree of heat. Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view drawn von line 2--2 of Figure 5.

Figure 3 is a sectionall view on line 3.-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a sectional view on lines 4 4 of Figures 2 and 6.

i Figure 5 is a fragmentary plan view.

I follow `the usual custom of providing a..

series of longitudinally extending retortsor carbonizing chambers indicated at 1, 2, and 3 in Figure 2, any desired number of these chambers bein em loyed.

But it will og) each of these chambers is spa from the lto allow" the intervening space to be subdivided by walls 5 and 6`in`to three sets of flues or passages 8, 9, and 10. Burner nozzles 12 are located in the upper ortions of the passa 8 and 10 in which t ey projectvdo'wnwarifle);I for o ration during periods when a down dra is maintained, and upwardly pro'ecting burner j nozzles 1.4 are provided in the ower portions.

of these passages for use during the up draft periods. The passages 8, 9, and 10 are lparallel with each 'other and .extend vertically between the Amagazines the passages 8 and 10 being formed in part by the walls of served in Fi re 2 that 4 so Figure 6 is a sectional view on line 6 6 the respective magazines and the passages 9 constituting intermediate passages ada tedv to alternately serve as vent passages or ues for downwardly moving products 'of combustion when* the lower sets of burners are in operation, and for ascending currents of air when the upper set of burners are in operaurners 14 of the lowersets are preferably located in a ledge 15 formed by asses@ upwardly'for abort while caving posing wall of the passage to provide a channel 16 ttor the admission of air. Each burner 14 preferably comprises a specially formed brick, suitably ported and seated in the upper end of a duct 17 which entends upwardly from a distributing duct 16 thru the bottom wall of the passage and thru the ledge 15 to supply gas to the burner. Gas is delivered to the distributing duct 16 from an exterior` pipe 18, valved branches 19,and a series of longitudinally extending ducts 20 formed in the brick work of the oven and connected at intervals with the distributingr duct 16 thru the vertically extending ports or .passages 2 1.

The upper set of burners 12 preferably comprise a series of nozzles formed at the ends of depending pipes 25, connected at their upper ends with longitudinally extending pipes or ducts 26 at the top of the oven, these pipes being fed from an exterior feed pipe`28 similar to the pipe 18, and provided with valved branches 29 leading to the rcspective distributingrpipes 26. At one side oi' each nozzle outlet 12, a cross channel 32 is provided which affords communication between the passages 8 and 10 and the associated intermediate passages l9, whereby when the lower set of burners 14 is in operation the products of combustion may -pass upwardly in the passages 8 and l() and downwardly in the passages 9 whereas when the upper set of burners 12 is in operation` air to support combustion at these burners may be delivered upwardly thru the passages 9 and laterally to the passages 8 and 10 thru the cross channels 32. Y

It will be observed that each of the passages 9 communicates at its lower end with an enlarged cavity 35. This cavit is filled to a point near its top with socallec checkerwork formed of bricks, so disposed as to allow the products of combustion to be thoroughly distributed among the bricks, the latter being heated by flame and products of combustion when delivered downwardly thru the passages 9 and the bricks store this heat until the upper set of burners are in operation, whereupon air passing upwardly thru these chambers will be heated to a high tem` perature, substantially sufficient to cause selfignition at burners 12.

Intermediate chambers 38, similar to the chambers 35, are also provided with checkerwork, or bricks disposed for operation in the saine manner as above described with reference to the chambers 35, but the chambers 38 communicate with cavities 40 directly underneath the magazines 1, 2, 3 etc., and these cavities communicate with the channels 16 leading to the .passages 8 and 10 in the vicinity of the nozzles 14 at the respective sides of the magazines or carbonizing chambers. The lower ends of the chambers 35 are connected by longitudinally extending passages 42 and downwardly extending ports or ducts 43 with a main Hue 45. Similarly, the chambers 38 communicate with a longitudinally extending passage 46 and thru ducts 47 into a main flue 49.

Bricks 50, located in the passages 42 and 46, are loosely disposed on the bottom walls of these passages 42 and 46, and are adapted to be shifted in such a manner as to open or close the communicating ports 43 (or 47). Holes 53 at the sides of the oven communicate with the respective passages 42 and 46 whereby a suitable hook or other tool may be inserted for the purpose of adjusting the bricks. Similar holes 55 in the end walls of the oven (Fig. 3) allow access to the cavities 40, these cavities extending longitudinally of the oven underneath the respective chambers 1, 2, 3, etc.

Each oven magazine or carbonizing chamber is provided with a gas outlet and a series of filling and feed holes 63 normally covered by cap-bricks 64. Each of the passages 8 and 10 is also provided with an opening 6l in its top wall, normally closed by a cap-brick 62, but which may be opened to allow the burners to be inspected. These openings preferably extend downwardly across the line of the cross passages 32.

The gas outlets 60 lead from their respective magazines into a main gas collecting flue 65 from which the gas is drawn by an exhauster 66 thru an outlet duct 67 and a cooling chamber 68. The exhauster delivers the gas thru a tar extractor 69, a saturatcr 70, and an acid separator 7 7 to a final cooling chamber 78 having an outlet duct 79 from which a portion of the gas is delivered to the oven thru a feed pipe 80, and another portion to a gas reservoir 81 thru the connecting pipe 82.

Briefly reviewing the operation of the oven and assuming the magazines 1, 2, and 3 to be filled with coal to be coked, gas may be delivered from the gas reservoir 81 to the lower burners 14. The flame and products of combustion from these burners risek 1n the passages 8 and 1() and are delivered thru the cross passages 32.to the intermediate passages 9 thru which the flame and products of combustion pass downwardly to the checkerwork into chambers 35 and thence to the main flue 45. During this operation, air will be supplied to the respective burners thru the main flue 49 .from which it passes upwardly in chambers 38 and thru the cavities 40 and ports or passages 16 to the res ective passages 8 and 10.

A-terthe above described operation has continued for about 30 minutes, the valved passages 19 (Fig. 4) are closed and the valved passages 29 are opened to allow a de'- livery of gas to the u per set of burners. This gas immediately ignites by reason of heat or flame from the lower set of burners, whereupon air is admitted thru the main lof bottom flue 45, 4and the products of combustion allowed to discharge thru the flue 49. Means (not shown) are, of course, provided for connecting these main ues 45 and 49 with a suitable chimney stack when they are used as outlet lines and with the open air when the;7 are used as air inlet iiues.

n The reversal in direction of the flame and 'gases in the fines 8 and l0 makes it possible to maintain the walls of the magazines 1, 2,

3,'etc. at a substantially uniform temperature rom top to bottom. Therefore, the

ltemperature of the coal within these magazines can easily be regulated and kept substantially uniform while the oven is in operation. lThe desired degree of temperature is, of course, controlled in the first instance by the quantit of gas supplied. This may be determined y the ca acity of the burners and the as ressure w ich, of course, can be contro led y the valves in the feed ducts 19 and 29, although ordinarily no pressure regulation will be required since the entire system operates under lighty pressure, determined by the bell of the gas reservoir 81.

I claim:

1. In a cokingY oven, a A series of parallel coking chambers, combustion chambers formed in the walls intermediate said coking chambers for heating the same, regenerators arranged beneath and parallel to the coking chambers, flues connecting alternate re enerators with the bottoms of said com ustion chambers, lues` connectin' intermediate regenerators with the tops o said combustion chambers, burners in the tops and bottoms of the combustion chambers and means for supplying the burners with gas.

2. In a coking chamber, a series of parallel coking chambers, cfimbustion chambers formed in the intermediate walls, burners in the tops and bottoms Aof said combustion chambers for supplying the same with fuel gas, a set of regenerators arranged respectively below the coking chambers, a set of walls intermediate the coking chambers, conlitiv nections from one set of regenerators to the bottoms of the combustion chambers, and connections from the other set of regenerators to the to of the combustion chambers.

3. In a co Vg oven, a-series of parallel coking chambers, combustion chambers in the walls intermediate the coking chambers for heatin the same, burners in the tops and bottoms o the combustion chambers, regeneratorS-.beneath and antfco'mbustion cham ers, alternateregeneratrs being connected to the bottoms of the respective combustion chambers-and intermediate regenerators'connected to the tops thereof.

4. In a coke oven, a series of parallel coking chambers, vertical combustion chambers 4between said coking chambers, burners'for aralleL-.to` the coking supplying fuel as arranged in the upper and lower ends 0% said combustion chambers, a .series of regenerators arranged respecytively below the coking chambers, flues connecting said regenerative chambers with the bottoms of the combustion chambers, a series of intermediate regenerative chambers and flues connecting the latter with the top ends of the combustion chambers.

5. Ina coke oven a series of parallel coking chambers, a pair of series of combustion chambers in each of the walls separating adjacent combustionchambers, the respective series being on opposite sides of the central plane of the wall, burners arranged in the tops and bottoms of thecombustion chambers for supplying fuel gas thereto and passages intermediate said series of combustion chambers for supplying air to support combustion to the respective upper ends of the combustion chambers and for carrying away spent gases therefrom.

6. In a coke oven, a series of parallel coking chambers, intermediate walls separating said chambers, two parallel series of combustion chambers in each wall, respectively on opposite sides of the central plane thereof, burners arranged at the top and bottom of the respective combustion chambers for supplying fuel gas thereto, flues for supplying air to the lower ends of the combustion chambers and carrying spent gases therefrom, and a series of ilues intermediate the series of combustion chambers in each wall and communicating with the upper ends of said chambers for supplying air thereto and carrying spent gases therefrom.

7. In a colring oven, a series of parallel coking chambers, intermediate walls by which said chambers are separated, two parallel series of combustion chambers in each wall on opposite sides of the center thereof, burners in the tops and bottoms of the combustion chambers, iiues for supplyving air to thelower ends of the respective combustion chambers and carrying spent gases therefrom, a series of vertical fines i11- termediate the series of combustion chambers anda cross flue connecting each said vertical -fiue with the combustion chambers on opposite sides thereof.

series of regenerator chambers and flues connectingrthe sameto the upper ends of the,

combustion chambers.

9. In a coking oven, a series of parallel coking chambers, Walls separating the same, a pair of series of combustion chambers in each Wall for heating the coking chambers, a series of regenerators arranged respectively beneath the coking chambers, an intermediate series ofregenerators arranged b eneath the respective se arating Walls, fines connecting each of the irst mentioned series of regenerators with the combustion cham bers on op `site sides of the coking' chamber immediately above the same, and iues connecting each ofthe last mentioned series of regenerators with the series of combustion liues in the walls above the same.

10. In acoke oven, a series of parallel coking chambers, intermediate walls separating the same, a pair of series of heatingl flues extending vertically in the walls, burners in the tops and bottoms of the respective dues for supplying fuel gas thereto. a series of vertical air flues intermediate the series of combustion chambers and communicating therewith attheir tops, a series of regenerative chambers arranged respectively below the coking ovens, fines connecting each sucn regenerative chamber with the combustion chambers on opposite sides of the coking chamber immediately above the same, interrating the coking chambers, combustion:

chambers in said walls, burners in the tops and bottoms of the combustion chambers for supplying fuel. gas thereto, a series of regenerative chambers below and parallel to the coking and combustion chambers, the respective regenerators being arranged parallel to the coking chambers, transverse partitions dividing the regenerators into sections, a flue above each said regenerator, there being openings between each regenerator section and said flue, passages connecting said lues with the lower ends of the combustion chambers, a series of intermediate' regenerators, transverse partitions dividing the same into sections, a fine extending lengthwise of each said regenerator and communicating with each section thereof, and vertical lues connecting the last mentioned lues to the upper ends of the combustion chambers.

In testimony whereof I aflx my signature.

THOMAS G. KUS. 

